COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus)

What is COVID-19?

On December 31, 2019, Chinese health authorities identified a new (or novel) coronavirus (referred to as COVID-19) through a series of reported cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, China.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that circulate both in humans and animals. Human coronaviruses are common and are typically associated with mild illness, similar to the “common cold” or more severe illnesses, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).

How does COVID-19 spread?

COVID-19 spreads through droplets or aerosols released when an infected person talks, coughs, sneezes, sings or shouts.  These infectious droplets or aerosols can easily spread to others when they are inhaled or reach the nose, mouth or eyes of people in poorly ventilated spaces or in close contact. The virus can also spread when a person touches another person (i.e. a handshake) or a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touches their mouth, nose or eyes with unwashed hands. The virus can be spread to others from someone who is infected but is not showing symptoms (either because they haven’t yet developed symptoms or are asymptomatic). 

What are the symptoms of COVID-19?

Symptoms of COVID-19, which is the disease caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus, range from mild — like the flu and other common respiratory infections — to severe.

Symptoms include:

• Fever (temperature of 37.8°C or greater)
• New or worsening cough
• Shortness of breath 
• Decrease or loss of smell or taste
• Two or more of:
  • Runny nose or nasal congestion
  • Headache
  • Extreme fatigue
  • Sore throat
  • Muscle aches or joint pain
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms (such as vomiting or diarrhea)

Please use the COVID-19 Self Assessment if you are experiencing the symptoms listed above. If you have symptoms, you and anyone you live with must self-isolate. Learn more about what to do if you have symptoms of COVID-19 here.

Please see COVID-19 Reference Document for Symptoms for more information related to symptoms. 

At Southwestern Public Health we encourage individuals, community organizations and workplaces to make decisions based on the risk of the individuals around them. 

Review our public health principles for protecting vulnerable citizens. One document is geared to workplaces and community settings,  and the other is geared to individuals. 

Additional recommendations:

• Get all recommended booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccination protection decreases over time. Two doses no longer fully protects you. Walk-in to any of our mass immunization clinics – view dates, times and locations at www.swpublichealth.ca/covid19vaccine
• Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
• Cough or sneeze into your sleeve or cover your mouth and nose with a tissue.
• Frequently clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces and shared items.
• Put as much distance between yourself and others where possible (called physical or social distancing).

Who is currently eligible for COVID-19 testing?

View the Provincial Testing Guidance for a full list of those currently eligible for testing.

Molecular tests (including PCR tests and molecular point of care testing):

• View the Provincial Testing Guidance for a full list of those currently eligible for testing.
• They are used to diagnose COVID-19 and work by detecting the virus’ genetic material.
• Tests are conducted by COVID-19 assessment centres or pharmacies.
• Results from PCR tests are sent to the lab and typically take 24-48 hours, while molecular point of care testing (such as ID NOW^TM) can be analyzed on site using a special machine with results available in about 15 minutes. Molecular point of care testing is only available at select testing centres.
• PCR take home tests may be offered through some schools where a COVID test is self- administered at home and dropped off to a designated lab location for processing.

Rapid antigen tests:

• Rapid antigen tests work by detecting certain proteins in the virus.
• Rapid antigen testing may be used for routine, repeated screening of people with no symptoms to quickly identify and prevent cases of COVID-19 in settings such as hospitals, long-term care homes and workplaces. 
• Free rapid test kits are available through select grocery stores and pharmacies, workplaces participating in the Provincial Antigen Screening Program, and through schools (limited supply).
• A rapid antigen test can be performed anywhere (i.e. at a workplace, in the home) and results are available in 15-20 minutes.
• False negative results are common. Rapid antigen tests are not very effective in detecting COVID-19 (particularly the Omicron variant) in the first 1-2 days of infection. A negative test result does not guarantee that you are not infected with COVID-19 or that you will not spread it to others.
• Learn more about use of Rapid Antigen Tests.
  
  

PCR tests:

• PCR testing for COVID-19 is available for eligible individuals at assessment centres and participating pharmacies. View the province’s listing of COVID-19 testing locations to find an assessment centre or pharmacy offering COVID-19 testing near you.  Appointments are required. Information regarding assessment centres in Oxford, Elgin and St. Thomas is listed below. 
• Woodstock Hospital Assessment Centre
  • Patients must call in to book an appointment. Booking clerk available 8:00am-4:00pm. Open 7 days/week, 10:00am-6:00pm.
  • Phone: 1-855-905-6148
• Tillsonburg District Memorial Hospital Assessment Centre
  • Patients must call to book an appointment. Open Monday to Friday, 8:00am-4:00pm.
  • Phone: 1-855-905-6148
• St. Thomas Elgin General Hospital Assessment Centre
  • Patients must call to book an appointment. Open Monday to Saturday 9:00am-4:30pm.
  • Phone: 519-631-2030 ext. 6210
  • Email: assessmentcentre@stegh.on.ca
• West Elgin Community Health Centre
  • Patients must call to book an appointment. Please have your OHIP card ready when phoning to book. COVID-19 testing available Monday, Wednesday and Friday 8:30am-4:30pm.
  • Phone: 519-857-2683

Should I complete a rapid antigen test before attending a social gathering or event?

Many people are looking for reassurance prior to attending a social event/gathering/visit and may choose to complete a rapid antigen test. Infrequent rapid antigen test use should not be relied on as a measure to enable social activities. If you decide to complete a rapid antigen test before attending a social event/gathering/visit, you should complete it as close to the event as possible (e.g. on the same day, ideally within a few hours of the event). It is important to recognize the limitations of a negative result on a rapid antigen test including:

• They have low sensitivity for COVID-19 in people who are not symptomatic and in symptomatic people in the first 1-2 days of infection. This means they are not good at picking up low levels of the virus, even though you may already be infectious.
• People infected with COVID-19 may test negative on a rapid antigen test for several days before testing positive. Therefore, a negative rapid antigen test may represent a false negative and your infection status could change within hours of taking the test.
• Those with a negative one-off rapid antigen test should still follow existing public health measures including masking and limiting contacts.

What are PCR self-collection kits?

Symptomatic elementary and secondary school students may receive a PCR self-collection kit from their school if available. The use of take-home PCR self-collection kits will only be used in limited circumstances. These kits are to be provided only to symptomatic elementary/secondary students and education staff who become symptomatic while at school. PCR self-collection kits will not be provided to individuals experiencing single symptoms that only require isolation until the symptom is improving for 24-48 hours (e.g., runny nose), or to entire classes. PCR self-collection kits will come with instructions.

Travel-related COVID-19 tests 

COVID-19 testing for travel purposes is done through private clinics. You can view a list of some clinics that offer international travel testing for a fee here. Visit travel.gc.ca to determine if COVID-19 testing is required before you travel.

What do I do if I have symptoms of illness?

If you are feeling unwell, take the COVID-19 Self-Assessment to determine if you have symptoms of COVID-19 and need to self-isolate. A full listing of COVID-19 symptoms can be found here. If you have symptoms of COVID-19, follow the advice below for individuals with COVID-19 symptoms.

If you have symptoms that are not included in the COVID-19 symptom list or you have only one of the minor symptoms of COVID-19 (runny nose/nasal congestion, headache, extreme fatigue, sore throat, muscle aches/joint pain, gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting or diarrhea) stay home until symptoms are improving for at least 24 hours (or 48 hours for GI symptoms) to limit the spread of other illnesses that the individual may have and to monitor for the development of additional symptoms. Household members and other contacts of these individuals do not need to self-isolate as long as they have no symptoms. If you develop additional symptoms and now meet the criteria for COVID-19 symptoms (for example, you had only a runny nose and now have sore throat as well), you and your household should follow the guidance below for individuals with COVID-19 symptoms.

If you are having difficulty breathing or a medical emergency, call 911 or visit a local emergency department. 

You have symptoms and are concerned you may have COVID-19. Now what? (Ontario)

What do I do if I tested positive or have symptoms of COVID-19?

Antiviral treatment for COVID-19 is currently available for select individuals at higher risk of illness. If you have symptoms of COVID-19, check your eligibility and book an appointment at a COVID-19 clinical assessment centre for testing, assessment and care if you are eligible.

If you have tested positive for COVID-19 on a PCR or a Rapid Antigen Test OR you have symptoms of COVID-19, you are required to self-isolate.

• Positive results on a Rapid Antigen Test do not need to be confirmed with a PCR test.
• If you have symptoms of COVID-19 but do not have access to a test, treat it as if it is COVID-19. Testing is not required. 

Unfortunately at this time, public health units are only following COVID-19 cases in highest-risk settings. Follow the self-isolation requirements which apply to you.

• If you are fully vaccinated or a child under the age of 12, self-isolate for 5 days after the date the test was taken or the date of symptom onset (whichever is earlier).
• If you are unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, immunocompromised, reside in a highest risk setting or are hospitalized for COVID-19 related illness, self-isolate for 10 days after the date the test was taken or the date of symptom onset (whichever is earlier).
• You can stop self-isolating after this time ONLY once you have been fever free for 24 hours without the use of medications, and your symptoms have been improving for at least 24 hours (48 hours for gastro-intestinal symptoms) and you follow all public health measures (e.g. masking, physical distancing).
• You should isolate away from household members where possible to avoid ongoing exposure. Household members must follow guidance below for household members. 
• Inform your close contacts that they have been exposed to COVID-19 and should follow the requirements for close contacts (see the "What do I do if I am a close contact of someone with COVID-19" section below)
• For a total of 10 days from symptom onset (or a total of 20 days for immunocompromised individuals), even if self-isolation was complete after 5 days, individuals who were symptomatic or tested positive must:
  • Continue to wear a well-fitted mask in all public settings (including schools and childcare, unless under 2 years of age). Avoid participation in activities where mask removal would be necessary (i.e. dining out, physical activity that is difficult with a mask).
  • Not visit anyone who is immunocompromised or at higher risk of illness (i.e. seniors).
  • Not visit or work in any highest risk settings (unless they have previously tested positive for COVID-19 in the last 90 days).

If a school-aged child or youth tests positive, they are required to follow the instructions above but do not have to report the results to the school.

Please review our Symptoms or Exposure to COVID-19 Resource for more guidance.

How do I calculate the end of my isolation?

If you are isolating because of symptoms or a positive test – your symptom onset date or test date (whichever is first) is considered “day 0.”

What do my household members do if I have symptoms of COVID-19 or have tested positive for COVID-19?

Household members of the COVID-19 positive case/individual with COVID-19 symptoms should generally self-isolate while the individual with COVID-19 symptoms is isolating, with the following exceptions:

• Household members who are 18 years of age and older and have already received their booster dose (3^rd dose) are not required to self-isolate.
• Household members who are under 18 years of age and are considered fully vaccinated are not required to self-isolate.
• Household members who have previously tested positive for COVID-19 in the last 90 days are not required to self-isolate and can attend high-risk settings, as long as they are currently asymptomatic.

If self-isolation is complete after 5 days, or if self-isolation is not required (because you meet one of the above exceptions), for a total of 10 days after last exposure to the COVID-19 case/symptomatic individual, all household members must:

• Self-monitor for symptoms and self-isolate if they develop any symptom of COVID-19.
• Continue to wear a well-fitted mask in all public settings. Avoid participation in activities where mask removal would be necessary (i.e. dining out, physical activity that is difficult with a mask).
• Not visit anyone who is immunocompromised or at higher risk of illness (i.e. seniors)
• Not visit or work in any highest risk settings (unless they have previously tested positive for COVID-19 on a rapid antigen test or molecular test in the last 90 days)

What if I tested positive and work in a highest-risk setting?

If you live, work or volunteer in a highest-risk setting, and you either have symptoms of COVID-19 or have tested positive for COVID-19 on a PCR or Rapid Antigen Test, you must:

• Notify your employer.
• Not return to your highest-risk setting for 10 days after the date your symptoms started or the date of your positive test, whichever is earlier, regardless of your vaccination status.
• Based upon staffing requirements and in consultation with your employer, you may have the opportunity to return to work early, provided the employer follows early return to work guidance.

Highest-risk settings include hospitals (including complex continuing care facilities and paramedic services), home and community care workers and congregate living settings with medically and socially vulnerable individuals, including, but not limited to, long-term care, retirement homes, First Nation elder care lodges, group homes, shelters, hospices, correctional institutions, Provincial Demonstration Schools and hospital schools.

What if someone else in my household develops symptoms?

If additional household members develop COVID-19 symptoms, they should follow isolation directions for symptomatic individuals (see above) and if eligible for testing, they should seek testing.

Any other household members who are required to self isolate (see household member section above) who are still well and have not developed COVID-19 symptoms should extend their self-isolation until the last symptomatic or COVID-19 positive person has finished their self isolation period. The initial household member(s) with symptoms of COVID-19 do not have to extend their self-isolation period based on other household members becoming ill. 

What do I do if I have symptoms of COVID-19 but test negative on a Rapid Antigen Test?

A single rapid antigen test in an individual with COVID-19 symptoms does not mean that they do not have COVID-19 infection. People infected with COVID-19 may test negative for several days before testing positive on a Rapid Antigen Test. Therefore, a negative test may represent a false negative and the infection status of the individual may change within hours of taking the test.

If two consecutive rapid antigen tests, separated by 24-48 hours, are both negative, the symptomatic individual is less likely to have COVID-19 infection. However, the individual is still required to self-isolate until ALL of the following apply:

• No fever (without use of medication) AND
• Getting better: symptoms improving for at least 24 hours (or 48 hours if nausea/vomiting/diarrhea) AND
• They are not a contact: they were not required to isolate as a household member of someone who currently has COVID-19 or COVID-19 symptoms.  People who are household members of individuals with COVID-19 symptoms have to isolate as directed above (one or two negative COVID rapid tests does not change this date).

Learn more about using Rapid Antigen Tests if you have COVID-19 symptoms.

What happens if I continue to test positive on a rapid test after my isolation period is complete? Should I continue to self-isolate?

It is not required for an individual to test negative on a RAT or PCR test to confirm completion of their self-isolation after having COVID-19. If you have completed the required self-isolation, you have no fever, and your symptoms have been improving for 24 hours (or 48 hours for gastrointestinal symptoms), you can generally return to work and resume activities. As an additional precaution, for a total of 10 days from symptom onset, even if self-isolation was complete after 5 days, individuals who were symptomatic or tested positive must continue to wear a well-fitted mask in all public settings, not visit anyone who is immunocompromised or at higher risk of illness (i.e. seniors) and not visit any highest risk settings.

How can I access treatment (antiviral medication)?

The oral antiviral Paxlovid, manufactured by Pfizer, was approved by Health Canada on January 17, 2022 and is now available for individuals with symptoms (if even if mild) who are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. If you are eligible it is important to act quickly to get tested and assessed as treatment must begin within five days of symptom onset. The province has developed a COVID-19 antiviral treatment screener tool that can help assess if you are eligible for treatment. You may wish to check your eligibility even if you do not have symptoms so that you are prepared and knowledgeable about options available if you get sick. 

If you have symptoms and wish to be assessed for possible treatment with antivirals, make an appointment at a local COVID-19 clinical assessment centre (which can provide testing, assessment, and provide treatment or a prescription) or contact your primary care provider. 

Learn more about antiviral treatment. 

Note: If your symptoms worsen or become unmanageable at home, seek immediate medical attention.

If someone who does not live with you informs you that they have COVID-19 (either because they have symptoms or because they tested positive), and that you are a close contact, the following requirements apply to you. For a total of 10 days after the last interaction with the COVID-19 case, contacts must:

• Self-monitor for symptoms. If you develop symptoms, self-isolate immediately and follow directions above for symptomatic individuals.
• Continue to wear a well-fitted mask in all public settings. Avoid participation in activities where mask removal would be necessary (i.e. dining out, physical activity that is difficult with a mask).
• Do not visit anyone who is immunocompromised or at higher risk of illness (i.e. seniors).
• Do not visit or work in any highest risk settings (unless they have previously tested positive for COVID-19 in the last 90 days)
• Contacts who live in a highest risk setting should generally self-isolate for 10 days after last exposure (see sector specific isolation requirements for certain highest risk settings)

Learn more at Ontario.ca/exposed.

If you’ve been exposed to someone who has tested positive for COVID-19 (on PCR or Rapid Antigen Test) and you work, volunteer or attend a highest risk setting you should not work in that setting for 10 days from last exposure (unless required for critical work shortages as per this guidance). If the close contact has previously tested positive for COVID-19 in the last 90 days they can attend work in the highest-risk setting as long as they are currently asymptomatic. These individuals are advised to self-monitor for symptoms for 10 days after last exposure.

Highest-risk settings include hospitals (including complex continuing care facilities and paramedic services), home and community care workers and congregate living settings with medically and socially vulnerable individuals, including, but not limited to, long-term care, retirement homes, First Nation elder care lodges, group homes, shelters, hospices, correctional institutions, Provincial Demonstration Schools and hospital schools. 

You've been identified as a close contact of someone who has tested positive for COVID-19 or someone with COVID-19 symptoms. Now what? (Ontario)

Who is considered a close contact of COVID-19 exposure?

All people with test-confirmed or presumed COVID-19 (including those with symptoms of COVID-19 that do not have access to testing) should notify close contacts of their exposure.

Close contacts include anyone that was in close proximity (less than 2 metres) to the case (or presumed case) of COVID-19 for at least 15 minutes or for multiple short periods of time without masking or the use of personal protective equipment, within the 48 hours before their symptoms started or they had a positive test (whichever came first).

Individuals only exposed at school, childcare and in-person work with all public health measures in place are not generally considered high-risk contacts. However, depending on the nature and frequency of the interactions, specific individuals could be considered a high-risk contact (e.g., breakroom close unprotected contact).

In schools, will students and staff members need to isolate when there is a positive COVID-19 case in the class/cohort?

Given the widespread transmission and inability to test all symptomatic individuals, schools will not be routinely notifying students/pupils in classes with a positive case, or if a child/student or staff is absent due to symptoms associated with COVID-19.

Families are to complete the COVID-19 school and child care screening tool to determine if they can attend school. 

Southwestern Public Health will no longer be notifying students or staff of high risk exposures at school or on the bus. The School Health Team at Southwestern Public Health is available to support schools.

Feeling unwell? Assume it is COVID-19. Read: What to do if you've been exposed to COVID-19 (Ontario)

What is self-isolating?

Self-isolating means staying at home when you have a symptom of COVID-19 or if you have been exposed to the virus.  This prevents those who are sick or those who are at higher risk of getting sick from spreading illness to others in the community. Self-isolating means you cannot go to work, school or childcare. You should only leave your home to access emergency medical care or to seek COVID-19 testing (if eligible). If a person is self-isolating, they should:

• Have their own bedroom and bathroom wherever possible. Stay in this room as much as possible.
• Avoid common areas such as the kitchen and living room.
• Keep 2 metres away from others in the house and wear a mask if in the same room. Ensure good air flow by opening a window if possible when in shared spaces.

Learn more about self-isolating.

What is self-monitoring?

Self-monitoring means paying attention to your health every day and watching for symptoms of COVID-19 illness. 

While you are self-monitoring, you can leave home for essential purposes (following the current public health restrictions in place) and attend work, school or childcare. While everyone should monitor themselves daily for symptoms of COVID-19, self-monitoring may be recommended if you have had an exposure to a case of COVID-19. 

Learn more about self-monitoring.

What should you do while self-isolating?

While self-isolating, you should not leave home unless you are having a medical emergency or seeking time-sensitive health care services.

Self-isolating is difficult, but just know that individuals and businesses are rising to the occasion and there is help for you and your family. Here is a quick guide for helping you with the essentials:

How to Get Food:

• Reach out to friends, family and neighbours to pick up groceries that you need if possible
• For food banks, meal delivery programs like ‘Meals on Wheels’, and grocery stores that deliver food to people who are homebound, reach out to Ontario 211—Community and Social Services
• Please see the updated list of food access in Elgin, City of St. Thomas and Oxford
• Help Line:
  • Call 2-1-1* or toll-free: 1-877-330-3213 to talk to someone directly
  • Visit  www.211ontario.ca  to search topics, email* or live chat for help
  • *if your request is urgent, please dial 2-1-1 as email is not monitored 24/7
• There are many for profit services like ‘Skip the Dishes’ or ‘Good Food’ that may deliver to your area
  • Search for these services on-line or reach out to friends, family and neighbours for suggestions.
• To protect yourself and others during any food deliveries, refer to how to isolate at home when you have COVID-19

How to Get Medications:

• Many pharmacies will deliver right to your door.  Check with your pharmacy to see if this is a service that they offer
• If your pharmacy does not offer home delivery, reach out to friends, family and neighbours to pick up your medications and other pharmacy needs
• If you continue to have trouble accessing the medications that you need, reach out to Ontario 211—Community and Social Services Help Line for other possible delivery options.
• Visit  www.211ontario.ca  to search topics, email* or live chat for help
• Call 2-1-1* or toll-free: 1-877-330-3213 to talk to someone directly

*if your request is urgent, please dial 2-1-1 as email is not monitored 24/7

• To protect yourself and others during these deliveries, refer to how to isolate at home when you have COVID-19

How to Get Mental Health Services:

• If you require mental health and/or addictions support, please call REACH OUT at 519-433-2023/1-866-933-2023

Tele visits with Doctors:

• Tia Health – online appointments (can get prescriptions, advice, requisitions). Free in Ontario with a health card
• cover.health – virtual walk-in clinic, covered by OHIP
• Dial-a-Doc - OHIP Covered Phone Appointments Online with Ontario’s Doctors
• covid19checkup.ca – complete assessment and you may be asked to book a televisit with a physician
• Maple – online covid-19 screening to connect with a doctor. Available 7 days a week 8am – 8pm ET (should be covered by OHIP)
• Children’s Hospital Virtual Emergency Clinic 

Other

• If you have an urgent repair e.g., furnace not working or a plumbing leak, be up front when you call to get service so the worker can come prepared to protect yourself and your repair worker refer to how to isolate at home when you have COVID-19
• Guidance for How to Care for Pets and Other Animals (Public Health Ontario)

What is a variant of concern?

A variant is of concern when it affects:

• Disease spread
• Disease severity
• Tests used to detect the virus
• Vaccines and treatments

About COVID-19 variants:

All viruses, including the COVID-19 virus, change over time.  The Public Health Agency of Canada works with provinces, territories and other partners to watch for new COVID-19 virus variants to identify variants of concern (VOC) in Canada and internationally.  

The five variants of concern include:

• B.1.1.7 (Alpha)
• B.1.351 (Beta)
• P.1 (Gamma)
• B.1.617 (Delta)
• B.1.1.529 (Omicron)

Please note that to assist with public discussions of variants, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced easy-to-pronounce and non-stigmatizing labels for variants of concern and variants of interest. At this time, WHO has recommended using letters of the Greek Alphabet as an easy and more practical way to refer to variants. This is how they will be referenced in the remainder of this page.

Do the new variants of concern affect disease spread?

All VOC seem to make the virus more infectious, allowing it to spread more easily and faster. The Omicron variant has been found to be more transmissible than the Delta variant; it is estimated that each Omicron case is infecting 4.5 times more individuals than Delta in Ontario. When greater transmission results in more people testing positive, then more hospitalizations, intensive care admissions and eventually deaths will follow.

We know that current public health measures and restrictions  and vaccines are effective at slowing the virus variants as well. While we continue to follow public health measures, it is particularly important for all eligible individuals to obtain their COVID-19 vaccines, including a third vaccine "booster" dose. A third vaccine dose has been found to increase short-term protection against symptomatic Omicron infection. 

We can also reduce the spread of the known virus variants by preventing them from entering Canada and from moving between provinces. To protect Canadians, travel restrictions by air and by land have been strengthened in response to the variants of concern. 

Do our current COVID-19 tests used to detect the virus work on the variants?

Yes, our current testing devices to diagnose COVID-19 still works to detect the new COVID-19 variants.

Will the new vaccines and COVID-19 treatments work on the variants?

The COVID-19 vaccines that are currently in development or have been approved are expected to provide at least some protection against new virus variants. This is because vaccines elicit a broad immune response involving a range of antibodies and cells. Therefore, changes or mutations in the virus should not make vaccines completely ineffective.

According to Public Health Ontario, two doses of COVID-19 vaccines are less effective at preventing Omicron breakthrough infections compared to protection against other variants. A third vaccine dose increases short-term protection against symptomatic Omicron infection. 

Fortunately, when it comes to vaccines, research teams can also pivot, redeveloping existing coronavirus vaccines to target any variants that may prove capable of evading the ones already rolling out globally.  The Governments of Ontario and Canada continue to monitor the situation.

Resources:

• COVID-19 Omicron Variant of Concern and Communicability: What we know so far (PHO)
• COVID-19 B.1.1.529 Variant of Concern (Omicron): Risk Assessment (PHO)
• WHO – Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Variants
• WHO Science in 5 - Omicron Variant
• WHO Science in 5 - Delta Variant
• New COVID-19 Variants--CDC
• Public Health Ontario Variants of Concern

Please note: This advice is intended for the general public and is not intended for health care settings or occupational health purposes. 

Why should I wear a mask/face covering?

Wearing a mask or face covering has two benefits:

1. It protects others around you from any germs you might have by containing your respiratory particles.
2. It protects you from the germs from others around you by preventing or reducing the amount of respiratory particles you inhale (especially if it’s a high quality mask that is well-fitted).

As of June 11, 2022 at 12:00am, Ontario ended most of its masking requirements. Read the entire announcement in the Ontario newsroom. 

At Southwestern Public Health we encourage individuals, community organizations and workplaces to make decisions based on the risk of the individuals around them. We have updated two documents with public health principles for protecting our most vulnerable citizens. One document is geared to workplaces and community settings,  and the other is geared to individuals. 

What type of mask or face covering is best?

With the highly transmissible Omicron variant, the quality of the mask you wear, and the fit of the mask is important. Choose the best fitting and best quality mask that is available to you. The following types of masks are appropriate:

• Respirators (such as KN95 masks). If worn in the community, respirators do not require formal fit testing.
• Well-fitted medical masks (level 3 or higher).
• High-quality, 3-layer non-medical masks that fit well. They should be made of at least 2 layers of breathable tightly woven fabric, like cotton, and have an effective middle filter layer.

Learn more: COVID-19 Mask Use: Types of masks and respirators

The following types of masks or face coverings are less effective:

• Scarves, bandanas, and neck gaiters are not well secured to the head or ears and are likely to move or slip out of place. 
• Single- or double-layer cloth face coverings
• Masks with exhalation valves don’t protect others from COVID-19 and do not limit the spread of the virus.   
• Face shields used alone do not prevent droplets from spreading as they do not provide a snug fit around the nose, chin, or mouth as required. 

Learn more: COVID-19 Mask Use: Advice for Community Settings (Canada)

How do I make sure my mask fits properly?

Fit is important for all mask types, as it is a key factor in its effectiveness. It is important to remember the following when fitting your mask: 

• Make sure your mask completely covers your nose, mouth, and chin. 
• Check for gaps between your face and your mask. 
  • Check the top, sides, and bottom of your mask. 
  • Check the edges of your mask for air leaks and adjust if necessary. 
• Improve mask fit so that it’s snug and has no gaps. 
  • Adjust the ties, bands, or ear loops. 
  • Adjust the nosepiece. 

Learn more: COVID-19 Mask Use: How to make your mask fit properly (Canada)

Learn more about federal travel requirements at travel.gc.ca.

What are the rules when travelling outside of Canada?

For information on the latest requirements for travellers entering or returning to Canada, please visit the Government of Canada website. It is also important to understand the travel requirements of the country you are visiting. 

What are the rules when travelling between Canada’s provinces and territories?

To check the restrictions and allowances for interprovincial travel within Canada, visit the provincial/territorial websites below: 

• British Columbia
• Alberta
• Saskatchewan
• Manitoba
• Ontario
• Quebec
• New Brunswick
• Nova Scotia
• Prince Edward Island
• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Yukon
• Northwest Territories
• Nunavut 

It is important to regularly clean and disinfect surfaces that are frequently touched such as door handles, facets, tables, doorknobs, light switches, countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets, and sinks.  Cleaning them with detergent or soap and water removes dirt and some germs.  After cleaning, you can disinfect them to kill/remove germs.

Household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite) mixed with water, is an inexpensive and effective disinfectant that can be prepared at home.

Please see Cleaning and Disinfecting in Public Settings for more information.

To clean areas such as washrooms, or during outbreaks of respiratory disease or vomiting and diarrhea:

• Prepare a 1: 50 Household Bleach Solution:
  • 20 ml (4 teaspoons) household bleach + 1000 ml (4 cups) water
  • 100ml (7 tablespoons) household bleach + 5000 ml (20 cups) water

To clean toys, dishes, utensils and food contact surfaces:

Prepare a 1: 500 Household Bleach Solution:

• 1ml ( ¼ teaspoons) household bleach to 500ml (2 cups) water
• 20 ml (4 teaspoons) household bleach to 10 L (40 cups or approx. 2 gallons)

Health Canada has created a list of hard surface disinfectants that are likely to be effective against the coronavirus). Check the label of disinfectants to make sure you are following any safety guidelines.

How do I make sure my child’s toys are clean?

• Don’t share toys beyond your household
• Clean and disinfect hard surface toys using a mild bleach solution (see above for guidance)
• Stuffed animals, fuzzies or soft surface toys made of fabrics are difficult to clean and disinfect. Wash them frequently using soap (or detergent) and water to remove some germs and dirt from soft surfaces.

Using shared laundry facilities during a pandemic:

Learn about safely using shared laundry facilities during a pandemic.

How do I clean my face covering/non-medical mask?

Learn how to clean and safely wear a face covering.

I’m recovering from COVID-19.  What might I expect?

If you are recovering from mild to moderate COVID-19, you may be back to normal quickly. If your symptoms were more severe, recovery may take longer. The time it takes to recover from COVID-19 is different for everyone. The time it takes to get better depends on many factors (i.e. your age, other health conditions you may have, and how sick you were when you had COVID-19, etc.).  You may experience some lingering changes to your body and mind.  These changes can be normal and should continue to improve over time.  Below are some of the longer lasting symptoms that you may experience with ideas to manage them:

Low energy:

• It is normal to feel tired and weak after being ill with a virus.  Try to set priorities and plan to do important or difficult activities at times you have the most energy. Pace yourself by breaking down tasks into smaller steps and taking breaks. Try to do activities in less tiring positions, such as sitting down to do a task. Take naps during the day as needed and keep a good bedtime routine to help you sleep well. It is important to get plenty of sleep and rest.
• Returning to your daily activities slowly and gradually will reduce your fatigue and build up your energy. Start with basic self-care activities such as brushing your teeth, washing your face, having a bath or shower, and getting dressed.

Confusion/Memory Changes:

• You may experience some changes to your thinking and concentration after being ill with COVID-19. It is normal to not be able to remember everything that happened while you were unwell.
• Keep your mind active by doing activities that use your thinking and memory skills (reading, word puzzles, looking at photo albums, etc.).  Stay organized and use a calendar to keep track of the date as days go by.
• The following are some additional ways that you can practice your thinking skills:
  • Keep track of important information using an agenda, notepad, or electronic device (cellphone or tablet).
  • Think about tasks you did before you were sick. For example, you may think about work that you did around the house or managing your finances.
  • Try to avoid making large or important decisions at this time since things may be ‘foggy’ or it may be difficult to focus.
  • Try putting ideas into words. For example, read an article and then summarize it for a friend or family member.

Feeling Sad, Lonely or Anxious

• It’s okay to not feel okay, even after your recovery from COVID-19. Being seriously ill with a life-threatening illness can leave you feeling sad, lonely or anxious.
• If you are feeling this way, please reach out for help and support. The information at the following link will get you started.
• Give yourself the chance to connect to what gives you joy. Connect with family and friends using the phone or computer, take deep breaths, do something that makes you laugh, open some windows, and don’t be afraid to ask for help from your family or healthcare providers. A good daily routine can help maintain positive habits.

Decreased Appetite and Loss of Smell

• Having a decreased appetite after you’ve been ill is very common. 
• Eat healthy meals while sitting up at a table if you can. If you have a poor appetite, try eating smaller meals more often. Choose foods that are high in protein and calories, or try supplements like Ensure or BOOST.

Decreased Physical Strength

• It’s normal to feel weaker after a serious illness.
• Keep your body active by returning to your normal daily activities as much as possible.  If you are able, stay active throughout the day by taking short walks and gradually build up how much physical activity that you do.
• Be kind to yourself.  Getting your energy back may take time.
• Remember to save your energy for the activities that are most important to you.

Are you unable to work due to COVID-19? You may be eligible for one for the following :

• Canada Recovery Caregiving Benefit (CRCB)
• Canada Recovery Sickness Benefit (CRSB)
• Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit (CWLB)
• Employment Insurance
• Ontario’s COVID-19 Worker Income Protection Benefit

For more information, please see the following resources:

• Find Financial Help During COVID-19 (Government of Canada)

Return to school

• For information on school screening and details on how we manage cases and contacts in schools, please visit our COVID-19 Resources for Schools and Child Care Centres web page

Youth vaccination

All children and adults born in 2016 or earlier are eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine. Learn more about COVID-19 vaccines for children and youth. 

General information

• COVID-19 and Children (SWPH)
• Practicing physical distancing infographic (SWPH)
• COVID-19 Resources for Parents and Children (includes colouring sheets, activites, etc)
• Caregiver Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Home Alone and Child Minding Resource for Parents/Guardians
• How to Care for a Child with COVID-19 at Home: Advice for Caregivers
• Caring for a Child with COVID-19 at Home (SWPH)

Mental Health and Wellbeing

• Coping with Stress
• Supporting the young people in your life during COVID-19

• “My name is Coronavirus”  a book to support and reassure children
• Talking to Children About the Pandemic
• The Hub for Parents and Caregivers (virtual space offered the first and third Tuesday of each month promoting wellness for parents and caregivers in Oxford and Elgin counties).

Childcare

• Ontario - Find Child Care

What restrictions are currently in place in our region for businesses and workplaces?

A summary of restrictions can be found here. Please refer to O. Reg 364/20 Rules for Areas at the Roadmap Exit Step (Schedules 4/5) for the complete list of public health measures that apply to certain businesses, organizations, places and individuals. 

• For questions about requirements in place for businesses and organizations, call the Stop the Spread Business Information Line at 1-888-444-3659.
• For more information on opening your workplace during COVID-19, please visit our Workplaces and Employers page.

Can I visit someone at a long-term care or retirement home?

For information on visiting long-term care homes, please Ontario’s COVID-19: visiting long-term care homes webpage. 

For information on visiting retirement homes, please see the visiting policy for retirement homes.

Where can I learn more about COVID-19 workplace safety measures?

For more information on workplaces, visit our Workplace and Employers page.

A public health emergency, like COVID-19, can be stressful and cause increased anxiety and fear.  It is normal to feel some stress and anxiety in times like these. During a crisis, it is also common for people to show great resiliency.  It is important to stay connected to friends and family and reach out if you need support. Below is a list of resources available to you.

See this Ministry of Health COVID-19 fact sheet for Ontarians experiencing mental health and addictions issues during the pandemic.

At Ontario.ca/coronavirus, people can find information about the different virtual mental health and wellness options that meet their unique needs, including online therapy. 

Mental Health services:

• For Caregiver and Youth resources visit Ontario Association of Children’s Aid Societies or Caregiver Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic
• List of local mental health services
• Government of Ontario: Find mental help and addictions support in your community

Help for Substance Use:

• Addiction Services of Thames Valley
• Government of Canada: Get help with substance use
• Alcohol
• Illegal drugs
• Harm reduction
• Tobacco and vaping

Domestic Violence

• Avoiding public spaces and working remotely can help reduce the spread of COVID-19, however for people who experience violence in the home, being home may not be the safest option.

• Other factors such as stress and financial burden can impact families, creating situations that may compromise safety while at home.

• If you are concerned for your safety, there are supports in the community that can help.

Get help:

Emergency Services

In an emergency call 911

Police Services

Aylmer Police: 519-773-3144

OPP: 1-888-310-1122

St. Thomas Police: 519-631-1224

Woodstock Police: 519-537-2323

Domestic Abuse Services Oxford

Phone: 519-539-7488

Text:519-788-9993 

Violence Against Women Elgin County

Phone: 519-633-0155

Victim Services Elgin County

Phone: 519-631-3182

Victim Assistance Services Oxford County

Contact local police who will contact victim assistance services for client.

211 Ontario

Dial 2-1-1

Reach Out

Phone: 519-433-2023

myPlan Canada App

Free app to help you with developing a personalized safety plan.